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英语中的连接词有哪些怎么用(英语中的连接语)

导语:说说英语中的”连接结构”(四)

说过了动词作谓语时所用的“连接结构”,今天要讲一讲动词做其他句子成分时所用的形式(或连接结构),即动词的非谓语形式。

1.动词非谓语形式的分类 :

不定式( infinitive) to do

分词 ( participle) doing/done

动名词( gerund) doing

大家都知道英语的句子包括:主、谓、宾、定、状、宾补、表、同位语等成分。

2.动词非谓语形式的特点

1)不能单独做谓语,但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语

2)具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语或状语

3)连系动词的非谓语形式后还可以带表语

3. 动词非谓语形式变化

4. 动词非谓语形式在句中的用法

1)不定式形式的用法

一般来说,不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的词性,它在句子中可以做除了谓语之外的任何成分,表示将要发生的事或表示目的,它有自己的时态和语态的变化。

①作主语

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

②宾语

I want to go home.

③作表语

Her job is to clean the hall.

④作宾语补足语

I saw him cross the road.

She was told not to be worrying any more.

⑤作定语

I have a meeting to attend.

The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack.

⑥作同位语

His dream, to become a millionaire,wasn’t realized after all.

⑦作状语

We came here to study.

2)动名词形式的用法

一般来说,动名词具有名词和形容词的词性,因此在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语成分,有自己的时态和语态。

①作主语

Teaching English is my job.

Being exposed to much sunlight is good for health.

②作表语

My job is teaching English .

③作宾语

He enjoys reading novels.

I regretted having lied to you.

④作定语

Our washing machine is running now.

3)分词形式的用法

分词具有形容词和副词词性,在句子中充当定语从句和状语成分,现在分词doing表示主语主动发出的动作,过去分词done表示被动发生的动作。

①作定语

The falling leaves were flying in the sky.

②作状语

Scratching the cat, the boy smiled.

Scratched by the cat, the boy cried.

Being gnawed by the lion, the antelope lay hopelessly still.

Having been robbed, he got up and dialed 911.

③作表语

The ground was covered with fallen leaves.

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