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被动语态的转化(被动语态和被动形式的区别)

导语:干货中考题:被动语态2动和被动语态的转换

基本转换

转换方式:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+动词的过去分词 done”结构;③ 将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。

例句:Ironman hits Spiderman every day.钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。

→_Spiderman is hit by Ironman everyday.__________

动词短语变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。

转换方式:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词和副词。

例句: He always takes care of his sister.

他总是照顾他的妹妹。

→His sister is always taken care of byhim.__________

带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态

转换方式:变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。

例句:All the villagers painted the houses white.

所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。

→The_houses are painted white by all the villagers.__

双宾语改为被动语态

转换方式:谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。方式一:若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;方式二:若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。

例句:He gave her some books.他给了她一些书。

→She was given some books by him.(间接宾语转化主语)

→Some books were given her by him.(直接宾语转化为主语)

主动结构表示被动含义

1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash 等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义,用来描述主语特征。

例句:The door won't lock.

这个门锁不上。

Thiskind of cloth washes well.

这种布很好洗。

2. look, smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

例句:I think the fish must taste good.我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。

Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。

3. want/ need/ require +doing 相当于 want/ need/ require + to bedone。

例句:The house needs repairing.这房子需要修理。

→_The house needs to be repaired._______________

练习:选择题(共 8 小题)

1.—What's the meaning of the activity "Let's Save"?

—Paper shouldn't ________ in everyday life.(

A.waste

B.wastedC.be wasted

D.is wasted

2.The Dongying-Hainan airline

for about 5 months.I have taken the flights

three times.(

A.is open

B.has opened

C.has been open D.has been opened

3.My house _____ when you visited Beijing last time,so I didn't invite you to my

home.(

A.was being decorated

B.is being decorated

C.has been decorated

D.was decorated

4.My e﹣mail______to you last night.Have you received it____?(

A.sent;yet

B.is sent;already

C.was sent;yet

5.In the past few years,thousands of films

all over the world.()

A.have produced

B.have been produced

C.are producing

D.are being produced

6.—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.

—I think a bridge ________ over the river.(

A.should be built

B.is being built

C.has been built

D.was built

7.The World Expo(世博会)

in Shanghai now.(

A.being had

B.is having

C.is holding

D.is being held

8.Now it's much easier to shop online when your order is ready,the things you want

to buy

to you soon.()

A.send

B.were sentC.are sendingD.will be sent

解析(共 8 小题)

1.【解答】答案:C

根据句中的主语 paper 是谓语动词 waste 的承受者,二者形成被动关系,故用被动语态,再结合句中含有情态动词 should 的否定形式 shouldn't,故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态,其结构为:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词,结合空格前有 shouldn't,填入 be wasted 即可,故选 C

2.【解答】答案:C,根据 The Dongying﹣Hainan airline…for about 5months,可知 for+ 时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,所以应用现在完成时,且动词要用延续性动词,open 是非延续性动词,故要变成 be+open 的系表结构,又知现在完成时的结构为 have/has+动词的过去分词,故选 C

3.【解答】答案:A

首先根据 when 引导的时间状语从句"上次你来北京参观时",判断主句动作用过去进行时,主语my house 是动作 decorate 的承受者,所以用被动语态,过去进行时被动语态的构成是:主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词,主语是单数名词,be 动词用 was,decorate 的过去分词是 decorated,故选 A.

4.【解答】答案为 C.

这一题可以用排除法来筛选答案. last night 这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态,故可以排除 B 选项.e﹣mail 邮件是被发送出去,是 send 的动作承受者,所以要用被动语态,故可以排除 A 选项.already 与 yet 都可以表示"已经",但两个还是有区别,区别是:already 是用于肯定句,yet 是用于否定句和疑问句.所以正确答案为 C.

5.【解答】答案:B

根据 in the past few years 可知,这是现在完成时的标志,所以此处应使用现在完成时态.又知 thousands of films 是动词 produce(制作)的承受者,二者属于被动关系,所以此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为 have/has been+过去分词;又知 films 是复数,所以此处应用 have been produced.故选 B.

6.【解答】答案:A.

首先根据语境"我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥.",宾语从句的主语 a bridge 是动作 build 的承受者,表示"被建造",确定用被动语态,根据句意用情态动词 should,含有情态动词的被动语态的构成是:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词. 故答案为:A

7.【解答】答案:D 根据 The World Expo(世博会)in Shanghai now.可知这句话的主语是 The World Expo,是动作的承受者,它和动词 hold 构作成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,根据 now 可知应该用现在进行时态,故应用现在进行时态的被动语态,现在进行时态的被动语态的构成:be+being+过去分词.故选:D.

8.【解答】答案 D

根据 soon.可知句子所使用的时态为将来时;再根据 the things 作主语,它是 send 这个动作的承受着,当主语是动作的承受着时,可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态.所以句子所使用的应该是一般将来时的被动语态,构成为:will+be+动词过去分词.故选 D.

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